Ito: Streaming Neural Speech on a $5 Chip
A 4.9 MB text-to-speech model built for the ESP32-S3, a microcontroller with no neural accelerator. It streams, runs without a cloud, and is verified in emulation. Board timings are coming.
Real production measurements, not marketing rounding. Lokutor runs the entire voice pipeline on commodity CPUs — here's exactly where the time goes, with the methodology to reproduce it.
In real-world voice AI, TTS latency alone doesn't tell the story. We measure time to first audio: from the moment the user stops speaking to the first sound of the reply. The agent streams token by token, so the caller never waits for a whole sentence — only for the first short chunk.
Measured on live production traffic, not staging — AWS c8g.2xlarge (Graviton4, 8 vCPU). Hover a segment.
Ours, on the CPU The language-model provider and the network to reach it
| Stage | Latency | Runs on |
|---|---|---|
| Speech recognition (Conv 1.0, local) | 0 ms on the critical path — completes inside the turn-detection window | Our CPU node |
| Language model, to first token | 221ms | Provider |
| Speech synthesis, to first audio (Versa 2.0) | 139ms median — 90th percentile 211ms, fastest 74ms | Our CPU node |
| Caller-observed time to first audio | 385–442ms best case, ~660ms typical | — |
Published guidance treats under 800ms as conversationally natural; an independent survey places production voice-AI platforms at a 1,400–1,700ms median. Speech recognition costs nothing on the critical path — it completes inside the window the turn-detector is already waiting out. The language model is now the largest remaining term, and the only stage not running on our own hardware.
4–5¢ a minute, everything included: TTS, STT, the LLM and orchestration are in the minute on every plan; voice cloning and phone numbers on Growth and above.
| Plan | Price | Agent min / mo | Per minute | Concurrent | Overage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free | $0 | 60 | — | 1 | — |
| Starter | $19/mo | 400 | 4.75¢ | 3 | 5¢/min |
| Growth | $99/mo | 2,300 | 4.3¢ | 8 | 4.5¢/min |
| Business | $349/mo | 8,500 | 4.1¢ | 20 | 4¢/min |
Phone numbers $5/month each; a minute of a call the agent receives counts as three, of one it makes as six. Dedicated and private deployments are quoted separately.
Psst is our proprietary strictly-causal noise suppression model, running as low-latency middleware ahead of speech recognition. We score it on downstream word-error rate — the only metric that reaches the caller — not on perceptual audio quality, which turned out to point the wrong way entirely.
| System | Avg. noisy WER | PESQ | SI-SDR | RTF (1 core) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psst (ours, in production) | 21.74% | 2.096 | 9.89dB | 0.053 (int8) |
| No enhancement | 25.32% | 1.970 | 8.44dB | — |
| Our previous suppressor | 28.91% | 2.338 | 14.68dB | 0.102 |
| DeepFilterNet3 (published SOTA) | 33.79% | 2.794 | 17.69dB | 0.058 |
300 LibriSpeech test-clean utterances mixed with held-out noise and interfering speakers; no evaluation audio appears anywhere in training. Psst leads on downstream word error by 36% over DeepFilterNet3, the strongest published real-time CPU denoiser, at comparable cost and inside a 32ms strictly-causal budget DeepFilterNet3 doesn't meet. Against competing speech — other people talking nearby, the most common real-world complaint — Psst recovers 14–28% of word errors. It runs 18 concurrent call legs per CPU core at 2.7MB, so noise suppression adds no meaningful capacity cost.
The word-error and perceptual rankings invert completely. DeepFilterNet3 leads PESQ by 0.70 and SI-SDR by 8dB and is the worst system here for transcription — worse than no denoising at all. Psst is the only system tested that improves on doing nothing. Optimizing for the industry-standard perceptual metric would have degraded the product.
Turno, our turn-taking and barge-in model, is 18,651 parameters. On a neutral real-world test set it beats Silero VAD on Average Precision (0.931 vs 0.876) and holds that precision flat from clean audio down to 0dB signal-to-noise, at roughly half Silero's per-inference cost (0.083ms per frame). Retraining on real echo data cut the real-device echo false-confirm rate from 93.0% to 11.4%.
Conv 1.0 serves production today: NVIDIA’s open Parakeet TDT 0.6B model, served on our own GPUs with no cloud fallback — about 45 ms to transcribe a four-second sentence, and around 36 utterances per second per card under sustained load.
Conv 2.0, our from-scratch streaming recogniser now in development, benchmarked against Deepgram Flux — the current leader in streaming latency — on our own harness, same audio, same protocol:
| Metric | Conv 2.0 | Deepgram Flux |
|---|---|---|
| Time to final (p95) | 8ms median / 9.5ms p95 on ARM64, 4 threads, language model included | 20ms published · 91ms median / 94.6ms p95 measured by us, same audio |
| Compute | 4 CPU threads, INT8 | Hosted API |
| Real-time factor | 0.115 — 8.7× faster than real time | — |
Conv 2.0 leads on the metric that bounds live conversation — roughly 2× Flux's published number and ~10× what we measure from Flux ourselves — with no GPU at inference. On accuracy it reaches 7.53% WER on LibriSpeech dev-clean; the remaining gap on conversational speech is bound by training-data composition, not model size or architecture, and a distillation pass from an open Flux-class teacher is already in training.
State-of-the-art voice AI today means giant models on giant GPU fleets. That model breaks down the moment voice AI needs to live outside a data center.
A 4.9 MB text-to-speech model built for the ESP32-S3, a microcontroller with no neural accelerator. It streams, runs without a cloud, and is verified in emulation. Board timings are coming.
We got full English speech-to-text running on an ESP32-S3, a $5 microcontroller with no neural accelerator, at a 3.7% word error rate. The engine and the models are open source.
Lokutor's new pricing: speech recognition, the language model and the voice in one price of about 2¢ a minute — down to 1.4¢ — with every rule of how you're billed spelled out.
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Want to run these benchmarks on your own data? Contact us for a technical consultation or access to our evaluation scripts.